Tried the file under Windows with 8.70, 8.71 and HEAD, all work. 

Tried HEAD under Fedora with the x11, ppmraw and pdfwrite devices, all work. The x11alpha device does give a 'rangecheck in run' error. I presume this is the well known problem with x11alpha and transparency. Since the PDF file is generated by Cairo it probably contains spurious transparency.

Yes, the 'image' object, presumably the logo at top right, is a Pattern which draws an image, drawn inside a form with a transparency group. Indeed, to add to the complexity, the page has a different transparency group etc.

I can't reproduce the problem with HEAD on Linux without using the x11alpha device though, so possibly the problem Till sees has been fixed?

I can easily reproduce this problem on 64-bit GNU/Linux and
32-bit Windows. The problem first appears in rev. 10200.

r10200 | mvrhel | 2009-10-20 23:50:46 -0400 (Tue, 20 Oct 2009) | 72 lines
Reintegration of gs_extendgraphic branch into trunk.

Fails for me with HEAD on 32-bit Linux:

till@till-laptop:~/ghostscript/gpl/gs-test$ GS_LIB=lib:Resource/Init bin/gs -sDEVICE=png16m -sOutputFile=x.png ../testfiles/lp577730-afdruk.pdf 
GPL Ghostscript SVN PRE-RELEASE 8.72 (2010-02-11)
Copyright (C) 2010 Artifex Software, Inc.  All rights reserved.
This software comes with NO WARRANTY: see the file PUBLIC for details.
Processing pages 1 through 1.
Page 1
Error: /rangecheck in --run--
Operand stack:
   --dict:7/16(L)--   File
Execution stack:
   %interp_exit   .runexec2   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   false   1   %stopped_push   1894   1   3   %oparray_pop   1893   1   3   %oparray_pop   1877   1   3   %oparray_pop   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   1   1   --nostringval--   %for_pos_int_continue   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   false   1   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   --nostringval--
Dictionary stack:
   --dict:1157/1684(ro)(G)--   --dict:1/20(G)--   --dict:82/200(L)--   --dict:82/200(L)--   --dict:108/127(ro)(G)--   --dict:293/300(ro)(G)--   --dict:22/25(L)--   --dict:6/8(L)--   --dict:21/40(L)--   --dict:11/15(L)--   --dict:13/18(ro)(L)--   --dict:2/3(L)--   --dict:3/5(L)--   --dict:1/1(ro)(G)--   --dict:1/1(ro)(G)--   --dict:6/12(L)--
Current allocation mode is local
Last OS error: 2
GPL Ghostscript SVN PRE-RELEASE 8.72: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1
till@till-laptop:~/ghostscript/gpl/gs-test$

For the test of the previous comment I have built as follows:

CFLAGS="-fPIC" ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --with-ijs --with-jbig2dec --with-jasper --with-x --disable-gtk --enable-dynamic --with-omni --enable-cups --disable-compile-inits --with-drivers=ALL --disable-cairo --with-fontpath=/var/lib/defoma/gs.d/dirs/fonts:/usr/share/cups/fonts:/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts:/usr/local/lib/ghostscript/fonts:/usr/share/fonts
make

I get the rangecheck error with pdfwrite (as well as x11alpha) with x86_64 linux with svn HEAD:

gs-r11211+fix -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -o a.pdf input.pdf
gs-r11212 -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -o a.pdf ...

So this is a different problem from bug 690487 (but probably still belongs to Michael according to Alex in comment 2).

This should have been assigned to Michael on 5/9 given comment number 2.

I have started to look at this. Rangecheck occurs with execution of zdiscardtransparencygroup which indicates we are losing track or mixing up our groups.  Likely this is caused by the pattern with the transparency and our tracking of the softmask stack.  Error happens for me with tiff24nc and pdfwrite on win32.   Working on creating a simplified file.

The problem can be reproduced in v. 8.71 but it is fixed
in v. 9.00 and the current HEAD.